Tubing head



Jan. 12, 1937. A PENlCK AL 2,067,785

'TUBING HEAD conditions.

ATENT" OFFICE 2,067,785 r TUBING n'nnn I Arthur J. Penick and Kirby '1'. Penlck, I Houston, Tex.

Application April 5, 1935,-Serial No. 14,766

* Claims. (01. 285-22) invention relates to a tubing head. The object of the. invention is to provide. a tubing head adapted to be connected to the top of a casing in a well, and having-an opening therethrough for an inner pipe, said opening having an inside diameter not less than, and

preferably the same as, the inside diameter of the casing to which the head is attached so as to admit-through the head into the casing, tools,

or other appliances, without restriction by said head.

Another object of'the invention is to provide, in combination with the head, a tubing hanger for suspending a tubing in the well, said head and hanger having ground metallic contacting,

seats forming a leak-proof.joint under ordinary Another object of the invention is. to provide the combination with a tubing head having a tubing hanger therein, of a novel type of packingring surrounding and seatedpn the hanger,

with a metal ring on the packing, and a ring nutscrewed into the head to retain the packing ring and metal ring assembled above the groundjoint, thus providing additional means for preventing leakage up around the hanger.

A still further object of the invention is-to provide a tubing'head having external threads at its upper end to receive a swaged nipple for the connection of a flow line, or Christmas tree, to the tubing head.

The head is of such construction that upon removal of said nipple and tubing hanger, a conventional blowout preventer may be installed on the head to allow drilling operations-to be carried on through the head with safety under conditions of an impending blowout.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention has particular relation to certain novel features of construction, operation, and arrangement of parts, an example of which is givenin this specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

The figure shows a side view "of the head, shown partly in section.

In the drawing, the numeral I designates a casing adapted to be set in a well bore, and to the upper end of which a tubular head 2 is connected. This head has an internal downwardly converging seat 3, preferably ground smooth, and the inside diameter of the head above said seat is enlarged. The inside diameter of the opening 4 through the head is no'less than, and prefer. ably the same as, that of the casing There is a tubular hanger 5 connected to the upper end of the tubing, or inner pipe, 6. This hanger has the external downwardly tapering riace 1 which is also preferably ground smooth, and which rests onand forms a fluid-tight joint 5 with the seat3 whereby the hanger supported inthe head and supports the tubing beneath.

The upper end of the hanger externally reduced forming an external upwardly facing shoulder 8, and surrounding said reduced upper end and resting on said shoulder, is an annular packing 9. On-this'packing is a metal.compres-,,

sion ring l0. v

The upper end 01' the head islinternally threaded.to receive a ring-nut II which may be screwed into the headagainst the 'ring ill to compress the packing outwardly against the head,

and inwardly against thehanger-to form additional means for forming a fluid-tight joint between the hanger andhead. 2

A flowlinelZ leads out from the head beneath the seat 3-'and"is"contro1led by the valve l3, whereby the flow of fluid through the, casing from thewell may 'be controlled.

The upper end of the head is externally threaded to receive a swagedni'pplje H, to which a'Christmas'tree 15, of conventional construction, or other flow-cc'mtrolling pipe, may be connected.

When the tubing 6 andthe Christmas tree I 5, or otherfiow-controlling pipe, are installed, the fluid may flow through said tubing and Christmas tree under the control of the operator.

It is to be here noted that before the well is completed and the tubing and Christmas tree are 5 installed, drilling operations may be carried on through the head 2, and if the circumstances require, a conventional blowout preventer may be screwed onto the top of the head 2 to control the pressure in case a blowout is threatened dur- 40 ing the drilling'operations.

The inside diameter of the head I is such that a drill, or other implement or appliance which the casing will take, may be lowered through the head. 1 In other words, the head 2 is soconstructed as not to, in effect, restrict the casing. Y

The drawing and description disclose what is now considered to be a preferred form of the invention by way of illustration only, while the .5

' broad principle of the invention will be defined a minimum inside diameter not less than the diameter of the casing, said head also having an inside downwardly converging annual seat and having its inside diameter enlarged above the seat, of a tubular hanger having an external downwardly converging face shaped to rest on said seat and forming a fluid-tight joint therewith, the hanger being spaced from the head above and beneath the seat, an external an nular shoulder on the hanger above the seat, an

annular packing on the shoulder fitting closely;

against the hanger and head, clamp means in the head for maintaining said packing under compression and a swaged nipple closing the upper end of the head and forming a christmas tree connection. 1

2. The combination with a tubing head adapted to be connected to a well casing and having a minimum inside diameter not less than the.

diameter of the casing, said head having its upper end formed with an inside counterbore and also havingan inside downwardly converging seat beneath the counter-bore, of a tubular hanger" having an external downwardly con-r vergingface shaped to rest on said seat and forming a fluid-tight joint therewith, the uppen-end of the hanger being reduced forminged tobeconnected'ltoa well casing and having a minimum insidefidia'meter not less than the di- 40 any-external annular shoulder on the hanger above jithe seat, an annular packing on the shoulderfflttin fclo'saly against the reduced portion; of the. han er and also fitting closely within the head,'.cla mp means in the head for maintaining saidp'a'cking under compression, said clamp means comprising 'a'iiclainp' ring on the packing, and a ring-nut threadednintothe head and clamped- -against{the ring.

- 3. The'c Q bination with a tubing head adaptam'eter of the casing, saidhead also having. an inside downwardly converging, annular seat, and having its inside diameter enlarged'above the seat, of a tubular dianger having an, external downwardly converging, annular face shaped to rest on said seat and forming a fluid-tight joint therewith said hanger being spaced inwardly i'romthe head except at said seat, an external annular shoulder on the hanger above the seat,

an annular packing on the shoulder fitting" closely against the hanger means in the head for mainta ning said packing under compression, a tubular Christmas tree connection secured on to and closing the upper end and head, clamp of the head and a valve-controlled flow line leading out from the head beneath said seat.

4. The combination with a tubing head adapted to be connected to a well casing, said head having an inside downwardly and having its inside counterbored above the seat and formed with cylindrical inside walls, 01'

a tubular hanger having an external downwardly converging face shaped to rest on the seat and forming a fluid-tight joint therewith, the hanger beingspaced from the head above and beneath' the seat, an external annular shoulder on the hanger above the seat, an annular packing on the shoulder fitting closely against the hanger and against the head, a metal ring on the packing, a ring-nut threaded vinto the head and clamped against said ring and a swaged nipple securedonto and closing the upper end of the head.

5. The combination witha tubing head adapted to 'be connected to a well casing, said head having an inside downwardly converging seat and having its inside counterbored above the seat and formed with cylindrical inside walls, of

a, tubular hanger having an external downwardly converging face shaped to rest on the seat and forming a fluid-tight joint therewith, the upper end of thehanger being reduced forming an external annular upwardly facing shoulder on the hanger above the scatjand annular packing around the reduced upper end of the hanger and resting on the shoulder and fitting closely against the hanger and against the head, a ring nut'threaded'into the head and forming means a for clamping the packing in place, the upper end 01 the head being threaded and'a swaged nipple screwed on to the head and fc'losing the upper end thereof and forming connection for a Christmas tree. T

Kinny T. PENICK.

'J. PENICK.

1o converging seat, 

